Voss electrostatic machine
Date: 1850-1870
Inventory Number: DW0004
Classification: Electrostatic Machine
Subject:
Maker: O. Hempel et Cie (fl. 1850 - 1880)
Cultural Region:
Place of Origin:
Dimensions:
34.5 × 53.8 × 34.5 cm (13 9/16 × 21 3/16 × 13 9/16 in.)
DescriptionMost likely a Voss electrostatic generator similar to another item in the collection (1997-1-1423). Mounted on a varnished wooden base driven by a crank that turns a wheel mounted on a smaller, rounded wooden base that attaches to the main base through a screw that is fastened into an adjustable slot. The main base has four short tapered legs.
The crank drives a black wooden wheel connected by rope belt (included but not assembled) to a smaller wheel on the same axle as a pair of glass discs (missing).
The axle is mounted on a wooden pillar with a rounded top. On the axle is a brass neutralizing rod with brushes on either end. At a 30° angle to that rod is another brass rod with collecting brushes on either end positioned over what would be the bottom left and top right tinfoil circles on the fixed disc (missing). Attached perpendicularly to these brushes are two brass rods with spheres at their ends. Insert through the centers of these spheres two nickel-plated rods with spheres on the ends facing inward and bowling-pin-shaped ebonite handles on the ends point outward. These are the electrodes which discharge when the potential difference between the two sides of the rotating plate (missing) has increased sufficiently.
On the two front corners of the base are two binding posts. Toward the rear is a pair of notched posts to holed the fixed disc (missing). The pillar also has a rod attached perpendicularly near the top to hold the glass discs.
The crank drives a black wooden wheel connected by rope belt (included but not assembled) to a smaller wheel on the same axle as a pair of glass discs (missing).
The axle is mounted on a wooden pillar with a rounded top. On the axle is a brass neutralizing rod with brushes on either end. At a 30° angle to that rod is another brass rod with collecting brushes on either end positioned over what would be the bottom left and top right tinfoil circles on the fixed disc (missing). Attached perpendicularly to these brushes are two brass rods with spheres at their ends. Insert through the centers of these spheres two nickel-plated rods with spheres on the ends facing inward and bowling-pin-shaped ebonite handles on the ends point outward. These are the electrodes which discharge when the potential difference between the two sides of the rotating plate (missing) has increased sufficiently.
On the two front corners of the base are two binding posts. Toward the rear is a pair of notched posts to holed the fixed disc (missing). The pillar also has a rod attached perpendicularly near the top to hold the glass discs.
Signedon base: O. HEMPEL & CIE / PARIS
FunctionThe machine would consist of a fixed wheel and a rotating wheel, although they are both missing. One wheel would have two curved rectangular paper sectors with barbell-shaped tinfoil pieces mounted on them. The rotating wheel would have six brass rivets that would serve as charge carriers.
Consider a small potential difference on either side of the wheels. On the left side of the wheels is a net positive charge, on the right side a net negative. When the carrier passed the brushes of the neutralizing rod, it would discharge to the carrier on the other side. The potential is equalized, but due to the influence of the tinfoil strip, which also has a net positive charge, the carrier takes on a net negative charge. It carries this negative charge over to the brush on the right side. Because the brass rivet carrier has a higher potential than the foil strip, it discharges some of its negative charge to the foil.
It would then pass the other end of the neutralizing rod and acquire, due to the influence of the negatively charged foil strip, a net positive charge. It would then pass the brush on the right side where some of that positive charge would be passed to the foil strip. The potential would build up until the charge began to "leak."
When the carriers passed the collecting brushes, they would create a potential difference between the two electrodes. When the potential difference between the two sides became great enough, a spark would form between the two electrodes. If collecting devices were wired to the binding posts in front, they would collect the charge that had built up on either side.
Consider a small potential difference on either side of the wheels. On the left side of the wheels is a net positive charge, on the right side a net negative. When the carrier passed the brushes of the neutralizing rod, it would discharge to the carrier on the other side. The potential is equalized, but due to the influence of the tinfoil strip, which also has a net positive charge, the carrier takes on a net negative charge. It carries this negative charge over to the brush on the right side. Because the brass rivet carrier has a higher potential than the foil strip, it discharges some of its negative charge to the foil.
It would then pass the other end of the neutralizing rod and acquire, due to the influence of the negatively charged foil strip, a net positive charge. It would then pass the brush on the right side where some of that positive charge would be passed to the foil strip. The potential would build up until the charge began to "leak."
When the carriers passed the collecting brushes, they would create a potential difference between the two electrodes. When the potential difference between the two sides became great enough, a spark would form between the two electrodes. If collecting devices were wired to the binding posts in front, they would collect the charge that had built up on either side.